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KMID : 0378019600030090079
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New Medical Journal
1960 Volume.3 No. 9 p.79 ~ p.98
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Epidemiological Studies on Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogenic Staphylococci
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Abstract
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The present study was undertaken for the pulfpose of evaluating the present status of pathogenic staphylococci at the Severance hospital with respect to the resistance of the strains currently being isolated to the antibiotics that are now widely used in Korea.
The antibiotics used in this study were penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, aureomycin, terramycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and sigmamycin. The numbers of strains tested were 280 of Staphylococci isolated from various sources including
The biological properties of all strains of Staphylococci such as coagulase production, hemolysis and pigmentation were also checked prior to antibiotic sensitivity tests.
Sensitivity tests were performed by paper disc method using various concentrations of the antibiotic solutions as shown in following table and antibiotic resistance were determined as displaying absolute absences of zones of inhibition surrounding the discs of the plates on which a tested organism had been inoculated by poured method and incubated 37C for 24 hours.trations of the standard solutions of the antib-
{. iotics, 53.4% of the strains were found to be resistant to penicillin. Following, in order of decreasing percentages, were dihydro-streptomycin 42.7%, terramycin 23.0%, erythromycin 20.7 %, sigmamycin 11.1%, aureomycin 8.2% and chloramphenicol 33.8%.c) : The incidence of chloramphenicol resistant strains was. lowest, among those of other antibiotic-resistant strains to the higher concentrations of the antibiotics over the standards. d) : The incidence of erythromycin-resistant strains both to the standard and to the ten fold concentration of the antibiotic were 22.3% and 19.6% respectively. There was no significant difference on the incidences both to the standard and to the ten fold concentration of erythromycin contrary to the other antibiotics in which there were marked decreasements in incidences of the resistant strains according to the rises of the concentrations of each antibiotics. It indicates that a strain shown to be resistant to standard concentration of erythromycin will be equally resistant to a higher concentration of the antibiotic.
2. Coagulase positive, aureus and hemolytic strains of Staphyloccci usually characterized as pathogenic strains were more resistant to the antibiotics than coagulase negative, albus and nonhemolytic strains, characterized as non-pathogenic.
3. The incidences of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococci isolated from previousely antibiotic used-groups were relatively higher than those of the strains from antibiotic-no-used groups. But the incidences of the latter were also significantly high, and indicate that there have been considerably high occurence of hospital infections because the one-fourth of the strains were isolated from the nasopharynx of the infants who were born at the hospital.
4. There was no close correlation between the s8urces of the strains of Staphylococci and their antibiotic-resistances.
5. The incidence of common resistance, which exhibits rseistance to two or more kinds of ahtibiotics, to penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin was 51.4% and to aureomycin and terramychr was 30,0%. But the incidences of common resistant strain to chioramphenicol, erythromycin and sigmamycin were relatively lower.
6. The common resistant strains of staphylococci to the antibiotics were mostly distributed among the hospital personnel and environments.
7. The incidence of coagulase positive staphylococci isolated from the hospital personnel and environments was 38,8% and that from the personnel and environments unassociated with hospitals was 24.8%. The significant difference between the incidences indicates that coagulase positive staphylococci were more widely distributed among the hospital personnel and environments than among those unassociated with hospitals.
8. The incidences of the antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococci isolated from the hospital personnel and environments were generally higher than those from the personnel and environments unassociated with hospitals. Particularly the resistant strains to higher concentrations of the antibiotics were mostly isolated from the hospital personnel and environments.
9. There were no changes in the degrees of antibiotic resistance of five coagulase positive staphylococci, which were resistant to the all antibiotics, on the successive fourth generations of the strains on mice.
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KEYWORD
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